The treatment of solid waste usually refers to the process of converting solid waste into materials suitable for transportation, storage, utilization, or disposal through physical, chemical, biological, physicochemical, and biochemical methods. The goal of solid waste treatment is to achieve harmlessness, reduction, and resource utilization.
Control measures for solid waste
1. Improving production processes by adopting clean production techniques, selecting high-quality materials, and enhancing product quality and service life can reduce the amount of solid waste generated from the source.
2. Developing material recycling processes and comprehensive utilization technologies involves turning waste from one product into raw materials for another, or recycling valuable components from solid waste for comprehensive utilization, in order to minimize the amount of waste entering the environment and achieve comprehensive economic, environmental, and social benefits.
3. Perform harmless treatment and disposal.
Many people know some simple methods for handling solid waste. For example, you may know that every city now has a domestic waste transfer station, which is actually a source of solid waste treatment. Today, we will mainly talk about the technology of solid waste treatment.
Main treatment technologies for solid waste
1. Pre treatment of solid waste: Before comprehensive utilization and treatment of solid waste, pre-treatment is often necessary for the next step of treatment. Pre treatment mainly includes processes such as crushing, screening, grinding, and compression.
2. Physical treatment of solid waste: By utilizing the physical and physicochemical properties of solid waste, useful or harmful substances can be sorted or separated from it. Depending on the characteristics of solid waste, various sorting methods such as gravity sorting, magnetic sorting, electric sorting, photoelectric sorting, ballistic sorting, friction sorting, and flotation can be used.
3. Chemical treatment of solid waste: Recycling useful substances and energy through chemical conversion of solid waste, calcination, roasting, sintering, solvent leaching, thermal decomposition, incineration, and electric radiation are all chemical treatment methods.
4. Biological treatment of solid waste: Using the action of microorganisms to treat solid waste, the basic principle is to use the biochemical action of microorganisms to decompose complex organic matter into simple substances, and convert toxic substances into non-toxic substances. Biogas fermentation and composting belong to biological treatment methods.
5. The treatment of solid waste: Harmful solid substances with no utilization value need to be treated using methods such as incineration, landfill, and ocean disposal. Solid waste also needs to be treated harmlessly before being landfilled or disposed of in the ocean.
The solid waste treatment technology mainly includes the above aspects, and the emergence of technology represents the development of science. I believe that in the future, there will be better technologies for the treatment of solid waste.